Supplements

Best Testosterone Boosters for Men Over 50

Author: Greatest Physiques

January 4th 2021

 

1. Best testosterone booster for men over 50: Prime Male

2. Best high dose (of Vitamin D) testosterone booster: Hunter Test

3. Best testosterone boosting supplement that lowers estrogen levels: Testofuel

After the age of 50, many men begin to experience a decline in testosterone levels. This can lead to a number of health problems, including a loss of muscle mass, an increase in body fat, loss of libido and erectile dysfunction as well as mood swings. Fortunately, there are a number of natural ways to boost testosterone levels. These include eating healthy, lifting heavy weights and taking supplements that contain testosterone boosting ingredients.

Some of the most effective ingredients include Magnesium, Ginseng, Fenugreek extract, and Zinc. These ingredients have been scientifically shown to increase testosterone levels and can help you experience all of the benefits that come with having higher testosterone levels. In this article, we’ll reveal the best supplements that naturally increase testosterone levels.

Testosterone levels after 50

When you were younger testosterone helped you forge a fit, lean, and muscular physique. As a potent androgen hormone, it was responsible for the masculine traits you developed during puberty.

Strength, power, virility, dense muscle mass, and high libido were all made possible because of the testosterone you produced.

More specifically, testosterone controls aspects such as:

• Energy levels

• Libido, sexual performance, and sperm production

• Bone density

• Muscle strength and size

As a man over 50, testosterone still plays a pivotal role in your wellbeing. It is a lynchpin in your health, although now it won’t be present in such abundance as it was in your 20s. Unfortunately, you may have felt the side effects of reduced testosterone already.

This is because natural testosterone levels decline once you reach the ages of 30-40 [1]. By now, your production has already been slowing for over a decade.

According to statistics, your natural testosterone production could be as low as 242 ng/dL., which is, unfortunately, lower than the average baseline of 280 ng/dL [2] [3].

Low testosterone

Many men over the age of 50 experience the effects of low testosterone. However, rather than understand their reduced hormone production may be responsible, they accept the circumstances as inevitable signs of ageing.

According to Harvard University;

“As men reach their 50s and beyond, this may lead to signs and symptoms, such as impotence or changes in sexual desire, depression or anxiety, reduced muscle mass, less energy, weight gain, anemia, and hot flashes.” [4]

Detecting the symptoms of low testosterone allows you to monitor how your natural testosterone levels are performing. If you have at some point in recent times felt these occurrences for yourself, your testosterone could be lower than baseline. Depending on the current amounts of the androgen hormone you are producing, you may just experience one or many symptoms.

A widely recognized treatment for low testosterone is testosterone replacement therapy. However, this may only be prescribed by a trained medical professional and requires certain cover in alignment with your medical insurance.

If you are diagnosed with low testosterone, doctors do not always turn to TRT as the first course of action. At the time of writing the long-term effects of testosterone replacement therapy are uncertain [5].

Natural testosterone boosting supplements do not need to be prescribed by a medical professional. This is because they are not created as a form of medication, but as hormone support complexes to bolster a well-balanced diet. The nutrients inside them are selected specifically to aid male health and help men reclaim an optimal testosterone balance.

Key point: Testosterone boosters do not require a prescription. Instead, they are legal, widely distributed health support supplements, used by many men over 50. Read on to see the best testosterone boosters available for this age group.

Before we go further it is important to recognize that none of the following individual supplements has been proven effective under scientific conditions. All studies and papers referenced refer to specific ingredients only. 

Top 3 Testosterone Boosters for Men Over 50

1. Prime Male

Official website: primemale.com

 

In first place, we have the popular Prime Male. Engineered specifically for men over 30, it features 12 carefully considered ingredients, chosen for their ability to enhance masculine health in this age group. Its primary aim is to provide men with the necessary nutrients to reclaim their virility, not just bolster aesthetics.

As such, this supplement is not a bodybuilding or athletics driven supplement, which we feel is important for men over 50. Prime Male’s website says it can address the three biggest barriers to healthy testosterone. These are luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin, and female hormones and prolactin. After inspection, we can confirm that its formula should be highly effective at combating these three barriers.

In the following section we’ll break down just how this is possible:

https://www.primemale.com/

How it works

Vitamin D-3

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone generated when our skin comes into contact with sunlight. However, recent research estimates that around 1 billion people on planet earth are Vitamin D deficient [6].

This should raise concern for men of all ages, as healthy Vit D levels is closely related to testosterone. Studies have also shown that supplementing with Vit D may help men reclaim hormonal balance [5].

D-Aspartic acid

D-AA is a non-essential amino acid that has been shown to influence testosterone production. It does so by causing the release of LH, which in turn signals to the testes to create testosterone [7].

Researchers have indicated that supplementing with D-AA can positively influence testosterone levels in certain men [8] within as short as 6-12 days [9]. Furthermore, one study saw D-AA supplementation increase testosterone by 60% and raise semen count by 100% [10].

Black pepper extract as BioPerine®

BioPerine® is a patented extract taken from black pepper fruit. Primura has included it in the Prime Male formula to improve the bioavailability and absorption of other key ingredients [23].

Boron

Boron is a trace mineral with vitally important roles in regulating metabolism. It’s also been proven to increase magnesium absorption, and help the body to utilize testosterone, estrogen, and vitamin D more efficiently [24].

Additional benefits of boron that support the well-being of men over 50 also include; raised levels of antioxidant enzymes, improved cognitive performance, reduced inflammatory biomarkers, and protection against oxidative stress [24].

Vitamin B6

B6 can benefit testosterone production by stimulating androgen receptors. This, in turn, spurs the testes to direct more testosterone into the bloodstream, and as a result, scientists have found a link between low testosterone and B6 deficiency [25].

Research suggests that higher amounts of vitamin B6 might reduce estrogen by up to 30% [26]. Furthermore, men with B6 below baseline are 3.5 times more inclined to experience enhanced cognitive decline over a four-year period[27].

For the full list of ingredients, visit the Prime Male ingredients page.

Taking Prime Male

Prime Male follows a separated serving pattern. This allows for a better, more even distribution of ingredients throughout the day.

Men who purchase Prime Male are asked to take four single capsules each day. These should also be accompanied by food to aid digestion, which makes mealtimes a convenient point to take this supplement.

Therefore, we suggest the following:

• 1 capsule with lunch1 capsule with breakfast

• 1 capsule mid-afternoon with a small portion of food

• 1 capsule with your final full meal

Our experienced review team sees this as an intelligent approach. Consequently, we do not advise taking all four capsules in one serving, as this may impact Prime Male’s performance. Always act according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.

Reviews

Prime Male has been on the market for several years now and has since established itself as the best natural testosterone booster on the market. As a result, many reviews can be found online, with a large majority being in favor of the product.

According to these reviews, Prime Male’s standout feature is that it is engineered for the 30+ man. It is one of the less aggressive testosterone boosters, relying less on heavy amounts of D-AA, instead, it offers 12 individual ingredients.

Other online authorities’ opinions include:

• “We like this supplement a lot and rate it as one of the best products for older men around at the moment.” – (HumanWindow.com)

• “We literally like everything we see in Prime Male. From the premium forms of top-notch testosterone-boosting ingredients to their respective doses, Prime Male has invested a lot of money in their formula and the results show.” – (NutshellNutrition.com)

• “Prime Male avoids many filler ingredients other brands put into their products. Boron, D-aspartic acid, and Zinc all have research to support their use. If you can swallow nearly $70 a month, then Prime Male is worth a shot” – (IronJunkies.com)

• “The over 30s booster market might be a crowded one, but in our opinion, Prime Male tops them all. The Formula, which is the most important part of any supplement, is second to none.” – (TestosteroneResource.com)

As IronJunkies.com points out, Prime Male is slightly more expensive than some similar products. However, due to its well thought out dosage and formulation, we believe that it is excellent value for money. The asking price aligns well with the high-grade ingredients, potency, and professional manufacturing process.

Final verdict

Prime Male is a premium supplement engineered to help 30+ men reclaim and reinvigorate their testosterone production. Its 12-ingredient strong formula is potent and shows positive signs of effectiveness.

Upon inspection, it’s clear to see the ingredient choice considers men in this age group. As we mentioned in the opening statement, this supplement is an all-around testosterone booster, not just an aid to enhance aesthetics.

In closing, we hold Prime Male in very high regard as an all-natural testosterone booster designed for men over 50. It has an excellent ingredient profile, scientifically-backed ingredients and offers premium quality at the right price point. We think that this natural testosterone booster is one of the best testosterone booster supplements and one you should seriously consider.

 

In the following section we’ll break down just how this is possible:

Prime Male ingredients

IngredientAmount Per Serving% Daily Value
Vitamin D34000 IU833
Vitamin K2 (as Menaquinone-7)45 mcg50
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5 phosphate)7.5 mg577
Magnesium (as magnesium citrate)100 mg24
Zinc (as zinc citrate)30 mg273
D-Aspartic Acid Calcium Chelate1600 mg**
Asian Red Ginseng 4:1 extract (root)120 mg**
Luteolin60 mg**
Ashwagandha Extract 4:1 (root)300 mg**
Nettle Root 10:1 extract160 mg**
BioPerine®10 mg**
Boron (as boron amino acid chelate)5 mg**
** = No DV

For the full list of ingredients, visit the Prime Male ingredients page.

1 Month2 Month3 Month + 1 Free
Price USD ($)$69$138$207
GBP (£)£39£78£117
Shipping$7.95/£3.95Free to USA & UKFree Worldwide

Positives

• A cutting-edge formula that works

• Boosts free testosterone

• Designed for men over 30

• Natural ingredient profile

• Intelligent serving suggestion

• Free from proprietary blends

• Estrogen blocking components

• Supports libido

• Vegetarian capsules

Negatives

• Slightly more expensive than other products

• Exclusive available direct from PrimeMale.com

2. Hunter Test

Official website: hunterevolve.com

 

Our second choice testosterone booster for men over 50 is Hunter Test. After only entering the market in late 2018, this supplement continues to impress, standing out as a leader in the men’s wellbeing market.

Rather than raise testosterone to benefit aesthetics, Hunter Test takes a holistic approach to masculine health. It is potent, powerful, and has a cutting-edge formula that was developed specifically for high achieving men looking for more free testosterone and to boost libido.

It’s for these reasons we recognize Hunter Test as the ideal match for any man over 50. The creators themselves aim it at professional men, who aspire to achieve in all aspects of their life, not just their appearance. Therefore, Hunter Test has tailored its ingredient choice and sizes to suit this type of busy, ambitious man.

Each ingredient found within Hunter Test is backed by substantial scientific research. Additionally, by adopting a streamlined formula, Hunter Test is able to deliver some of the biggest serving sizes in the field. There are no filler ingredients diluting any capsules, nor are there unnecessary, quality-reducing proprietary blends.

Because of this, our experts recognize Test as a standout supplement in terms of effectiveness.

https://www.hunterevolve.com/hunter-test

How it works

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone naturally produced in the body when the skin comes in contact with sunlight. Research shows it to be integral to healthy testosterone production [5].

As modern industry develops, many men spend more time indoors, which is the leading cause of vitamin D deficiency [6]. However, one study has shown that men who supplement with 3,332 IU of vitamin D for 365 days can raise their testosterone production significantly [5].

D-Aspartic Acid

D-aspartic acid has been shown to boost testosterone in certain men by releasing luteinizing hormone, which encourages the testes to increase testosterone generation [7]. This is how D-AA is said to positively influence blood testosterone levels [8].

According to one study, supplementing with d-aspartic acid showed testosterone increases in both athletes and impotent men, while the impotent men tested also experienced increased semen quality [8]. Furthermore, additional research into the impact of D-AA suggests that testosterone can be boosted in as short as 6-12 days [9], with semen count rising by up to 100% [10].

Zinc

Zinc is an essential mineral you must consume to live healthily.

One of its roles is to enable better testosterone flow into the bloodstream. Making it vitally important for regulating serum androgen hormone levels.

An important paper published in 1996 displayed a clear connection between zinc and testosterone. During the study, the research team found that the older test subjects who were supplemented with zinc almost doubled their free testosterone levels [11].

Indole-3-Carbinol

I-3-C is the compound believed to give cruciferous, green vegetables their anti-cancer properties. Indole-3-carbinol’s ability to help prevent prostate cancer should be of significant importance for men over 50 [12].

Yet, I-3-C earns its place in this testosterone boosting supplement for its estrogen-blocking effect. Estrogen is the female hormone that can hinder testosterone production [13].

Magnesium

Magnesium is another essential mineral much like zinc. Scientists say it is responsible for upwards of 600 biochemical reactions inside the body; one of which is influencing testosterone status [14] [15].

Recent research suggests that up to half of the US and European population may be Mg deficient [16] [17]. This raises concern for men over 50, as magnesium is shown to help the body fight many markers of mortality, such as diabetes and high blood pressure [18] [19].

Ashwagandha

Although primarily used in traditional medicine, modern scientists believe Ashwagandha can help boost testosterone. It does this by controlling cortisol, the stress hormone that can negatively influence testosterone production [20] [21].

Additionally, Ashwagandha has also been proven to increase both muscle mass and strength. This might be an important factor for you to consider as a man over 50 [22].

For the full list of ingredients, visit the Hunter Test ingredients page.

Taking Hunter Test

You should take six capsules of Hunter Test per day according to the manufacturers. Out of all the supplements on our list, this is the highest amount, but the serving suggestion has been planned intelligently.

Dispersing six capsules across 24-hours allows for more potent individual servings. Additionally, this method also allows for an even flow of ingredients entering the body. We believe this to be a very effective and efficient way of supplementing.

When we inspected the Hunter Test label, we were advised to take three, two-capsule servings. Each one should also be accompanied by food and a full glass of water.

Therefore, we at Greatest Physiques recommend taking Hunter Test as follows:

• 2 capsules with breakfast

• 2 capsules with lunch

• 2 capsules with your last main meal

Carrying out this method will allow for optimal supplementation. We do not advise taking all six capsules in one sitting.

Hunter Test Reviews

When looking to purchase a supplement it is advised to seek out multiple reviews. This way you see a broad range of opinions, allowing you to make a more informed choice.

We at Greatest Physiques understand this too. Therefore, we have looked toward other supplement authorities online to see their opinions on Hunter Test.

The testimonial above is one of many online reviews that fall in favor of Hunter Test. Potent, high-quality ingredients impress the most, which has solidified Test’s place in the market.

The only apparent negative comments come in relation to price. As a premium product, Hunter Test carries a higher cost. However, it is generally agreed that Hunter Test is excellent value for money considering the ingredients and amounts within each bottle.

Our team always recommend purchasing a top-tier supplement over a lower-quality alternative – even if the latter is cheaper. Doing so allows you to supply your body with the cleanest, high-grade ingredients, with minimized risk of cross-contamination during the manufacturing process.

Final verdict

Although Hunter Test is still a newcomer, it has quickly become a revered testosterone boosting supplement as well as an effective way to boost libido. The potent, cutting-edge formula is undeniably its strongest feature, which we rate highly.

Each ingredient has been selected for the busy, professional man to support his lifestyle, increase muscle growth, and improve overall health. As a review team, we feel this aspect lends itself perfectly to any male over 50.

Six daily servings also allow for generous amounts of each key ingredient. This bolsters the power and effectiveness of Hunter Test, which is why it is placed so highly on our list. Each capsule is created in accordance with good manufacturing practices too, meaning there is minimal chance of any cross-contamination occurring.

If the premium price of Hunter Test is within your range, we recommend purchasing this product. The formula should prove extremely beneficial for men over 50, especially those leading a busy, professional lifestyle.

This is a superb all-natural testosterone booster that can help you burn fat, boost energy levels, and support a healthy immune system.

 

Hunter Test ingredients

IngredientAmount Per Serving% Daily Value (2000 kcal diet)
Vitamin D35000 IU2500
Vitamin K2150 mcg188
Magnesium (as Magnesium Aspartate)200 mg50
Zinc (as Zinc Aspartate)30 mg200
D-Aspartic Acid3000 mg**
Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng) (root) (Standardized to 5% Ginsenosides)300 mg**
Ashwagandha Extract (Standardized to 1.5% Withanolides)300 mg**
Indole3-Carbinol200 mg**
Boron (as boron amino acid chelate)10 mg**
Rice flour, Gelatin (capsule), Silicon Dioxide, Vegetable Stearate.
** = DV not established

For the full list of ingredients, visit the Hunter Test ingredients page.

1 Month2 Month3 Month + 1 Free
Price USD ($)$75$150$225
Price GBP (£)£55£110£165
Shipping ($/£)$7.95/£3.95Free to USA & UKFree Worldwide

Positives

• Potency

• Well researched

• Clinical ingredient quantities

• Free from proprietary blends

• No filler ingredients

• High level of safety

• Natural formula

• Improves overall health

• Increased physical and mental energy levels

Negatives

• Exclusively available from HunterLife.com

• High price point (but we think it’s great value)

• Not suitable for vegans/vegetarians (gelatin capsules)

3. TestoFuel

testofuel review

Official website: testofuel.com

 

TestoFuel is the testosterone booster we recommend to over 50s with above-average activity levels. This is because it was developed to help men build lean muscle mass, while also reducing body fat.

TestoFuel is not designed exclusively for men over 30. However, those over 50 (or even men over 40) can still benefit from the profile of ingredients within it.

According to the manufacturers of TestoFuel, their supplement is for men of any age looking for a natural way to increase testosterone production. Their website also states that supplementation may; “raise testosterone levels by over 40%; without the need for dangerous, illegal substances.” [28]

Like the two testosterone boosters that precede it in this list, TestoFuel is a premium product, created by using exclusively high-grade ingredients. It is completely void of proprietary blends too, meaning there are no fillers or hidden ingredients. Men who take TestoFuel can be confident that they know what they’re taking.

Testofuel.com

How it works

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D, also known as cholecalciferol, is a steroid hormone you produce when your skin is exposed to sunlight. However, upward of one billion people on earth are deficient in it. This is an alarming figure as low levels of vitamin D is also linked to low testosterone [6] [5].

Men who aren’t deficient in vitamin D show an increased rate of muscle building, energy, and bone strength [29][30][31]. Considering these can decline with age, vitamin D is an important nutrient for men over 50.

D-Aspartic Acid (D-AA)

D-AA is a non-essential amino acid that supports the regulation of testosterone synthesis [8]. It does so by encouraging the release of luteinizing hormone, which directs the testes to produce more testosterone.

Current research suggests that D-AA may increase testosterone within 6-12 days of supplementation [9]. Furthermore, additional evidence sheds light on the possibility of D-AA boosting testosterone by 60%, alongside a 100% increase in sperm count [10].

Ginseng (Asian)

Asian ginseng has been used as a libido enhancer for hundreds of years. However, unlike many ancient medicines, Asian ginseng has been proven effective at increasing testosterone [32].

Furthermore, research suggests Asian ginseng can also; improve sleep, cognition, energy, erection strength, and sex drive [33][34][35][36][37].

Oyster powder extract

Oyster meat is the most bioavailable zinc food source, which is why TestoFuel’s creators have added it to their formula [39]. Their intention is to bolster the already ample 10 mg even further for enhanced testosterone support.

Research suggests that the essential mineral zinc plays a pivotal role in increasing luteinizing hormone, which encourages the testes to produce and release testosterone. Consequently, low levels of zinc are associated with sub-baseline testosterone production [11].

Vitamin K2

Also known as menaquinone, vitamin K2 works in conjunction with D3 for enhanced testosterone release [39]. In one animal study, researchers reported a 70% average increase in testosterone after five weeks of K2 supplementation [40].

TestoFuel Reviews

There are a high number of TestoFuel reviews available online as it’s been on the market since 2012. However, since its release, the initial formula has undergone further testing and improvements. Therefore, although there is an abundance of online reviews, only those written after the formula was updated hold true value.

For this reason, the excerpt below is exclusively from this time period. Our team did not believe it appropriate to judge TestoFuel based on outdated opinions.

“In the two months I’ve been taking TestoFuel I’ve gotten results like I never thought possible. I have dropped 3.5 inches of my waist while I got stronger and felt more alive than any other time before when I was dieting.

I started to feel the supplement working within two weeks of using it. I felt more energetic, physically and mentally stronger while doing my training.

I also felt my appetite grow while taking TestoFuel and you can see from my photos, it’s means MORE MUSCLE! I have recommended TestoFuel to my friends and I will definitely continue to use it. I can lift more then I ever imagined myself doing, and my body’s finally looking good. On top of all that, the confidence boost I get from TestoFuel is wonderful. Not only do I look better but also I feel better.”

Final verdict

TestoFuel is our final choice in the top three testosterone boosters for men over 50. Although not specifically engineered for this age group, it continues to impress with an athletic and physique focused formula. It’s because of this we recommend TestoFuel to the 50+ man who exercises regularly and wishes to build or maintain muscle mass.

Furthermore, TestoFuel has two sources of zinc, with one being the most bioavailable food source on the planet. There are also ample if not generous amounts of Vit D, B6, magnesium, and D-AA for additional testosterone support. Fenugreek is included in the profile too, although the evidence is unclear if this ingredient works for all men.

In closing, TestoFuel still showcases itself as good value for money – even alongside its premium price tag. TestoFuel buyers can be confident knowing they are buying a top-tier testosterone booster made using high-grade ingredients. TestoFuel is also manufactured in either the UK or USA too, alongside good standards that minimize the chance of cross-contamination.

TestoFuel ingredients

IngredientAmount Per Serving% EU NRV (Nutritional Reference Value)
Vitamin D35000 IU2500%
Vitamin K218 mcg24
Vitamin B65 mg360
Magnesium (from Magnesium Oxide & Aspartate)200 mg53
Zinc (from Zinc Aspartate)10 mg100
Aspartic Acid (D-form)2300 mg**
Asian Red Panax Ginseng100 mg**
Fenugreek Seed100 mg**
Oyster Powder100 mg**
** = No NRV

For the full list of ingredients, please go to the TestoFuel ingredients page.

1 Month2 Month 3 Month + 1 Free
Price USD ($)$65$130$195
Price GBP (£)£39£78£117
Shipping$7.95/£3.95Free to USA & UKFree Worldwide

Positives

Natural ingredient profile

Potent formula

Physique and energy-driven

Extra Oyster extract

High Zinc content

Clinical ingredient amounts

Smart serving suggestion

Free from proprietary blends

Well researched

Negatives

The premium price (but premium ingredients make up for it)

Not suitable for vegans/vegetarians

How to get the most out of your testosterone booster.

 

best-testosterone-booster2

1. Get active

Whether you’re a keen gym goer or have trouble finding time to work out, your testosterone levels rely on regular exercise. The more exercise you do, the higher your testosterone production will be. The best news is that it works both ways. Your testosterone booster will give you more energy – and help increase your athletic performance so you’ll be more motivated to work out.

2. Clean your diet

Your diet plays a massive part in keeping your testosterone levels high. Eating unhealthy, opting for high-fat, sugary or processed foods can have a detrimental impact on your T levels negatively. Choose healthier options like leafy veg, eggs, lean proteins, fruits like berries, and whole grains to help reduce your body fat – and elevate your T levels too.

3. Be consistent

If you’re serious about making big changes to your physique and lifestyle, you need to stay consistent. Like with any supplement, taking your testosterone booster consistently is a key part of maximizing its benefits – and your testosterone production. Following the directions advised by the creators of your T booster will give your body time to absorb all the nutrients provided. This means that every ingredient will be working at full capacity so you can enjoy the range of T-boosting benefits from each one.

Are testosterone boosters safe? Do they have other health benefits?

The information on this site has not been evaluated by the FDA. The products on this page are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Results in description and Testimonials may not be typical results and individual results may vary. Speak with your physician before undertaking any new weight reduction, supplement, or exercise regime. We may earn a commission if you click the links and buy the products featured on this page.

Final Word on the Best Testosterone Boosters for Men Over 50

Utilizing natural testosterone boosters allows men over 50 help reclaim hormonal balance without prescription drugs. A high-quality supplement like our top three choices provides the body with nutrients integral for healthy masculine hormone production, alongside other supporting compounds.

We also considered cost when selecting which three testosterone boosters would make this list. And although each one carries a premium price; we see the monetary ask as a direct reflection of quality. Therefore, our team believes each of the above testosterone supplements to be good value for money.

While others may be cheaper, we often find that their potency, manufacturing procedures, and reputation are of a lower standard. We also recommend purchasing reputable, premium products from transparent and trustworthy brands when possible.

*Update: We are inundated by emails from our readers asking whether this list is only aimed at men over 50. Let us be clear that this post is created for all men, in any age group, be it over 30, over 40 or beyond, that are looking to improve their testosterone levels.

[1] Publishing H. Testosterone, aging, and the mind – Harvard Health. Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/Testosterone_aging_and_the_mind. Published 2019. Accessed June 21, 2019.

[2] Barrett-Connor E. Male testosterone: what is normal?*. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005;62(3):263-264. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02232.x

[3] Total Testosterone – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=testosterone_total

[4] Publishing, H. (2019). Treating low testosterone levels – Harvard Health. Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/mens-health/treating-low-testosterone-levels

[5] Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H et al. Effect of Vit D Supplementation on Testosterone Levels in Men. Hormone and Metabolic Research. 2010;43(03):223-225. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1269854

[6] Naeem Z. (2010). Vit d deficiency- an ignored epidemic. International journal of health sciences4(1), V–VI.

[7] D’Aniello, A. (2007). D-AA: An endogenous amino acid with an important neuroendocrine role. Brain Research Reviews53(2), 215-234. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.08.005

[8] Roshanzamir, F., & Safavi, S. M. (2017). The putative effects of D-Aspartic acid on blood testosterone levels: A systematic review. International journal of reproductive biomedicine (Yazd, Iran)15(1), 1–10.

[9] Frank, K., Patel, K., Lopez, G. and Willis, B. (2019). D-Aspartic Acid Research Analysis. [online] Examine.com. Available at: https://examine.com/supplements/d-aspartic-acid/ [Accessed 30 Apr. 2019].

[10] D’Aniello, G., Ronsini, S., Notari, T., Grieco, N., Infante, V., & D’Angel, N. et al. (2012). D-Aspartate, a Key Element for the Improvement of Sperm Quality. Advances In Sexual Medicine02(04), 45-53. doi: 10.4236/asm.2012.24008

[11] Prasad, A. (1996). Zinc Status and Serum Testosterone Levels of Healthy Adults. Nutrition12(5), vi. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00064-0

[12] Sarkar, F., & Li, Y. (2004). Indole-3-Carbinol and Prostate Cancer. The Journal Of Nutrition134(12), 3493S-3498S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.12.3493s

[13] Michnovicz, J., Adlercreutz, H., & Bradlow, H. (1997). Changes in Levels of Urinary Estrogen Metabolites After Oral Indole-3-Carbinol Treatment in Humans. JNCI Journal Of The National Cancer Institute89(10), 718-723. doi: 10.1093/jnci/89.10.718

[14] Maggio, M., De Vita, F., Lauretani, F., Nouvenne, A., Meschi, T., & Ticinesi, A. et al. (2014). The Interplay between Magnesium and Testosterone in Modulating Physical Function in Men. International Journal Of Endocrinology2014, 1-9. doi: 10.1155/2014/525249

[15] de Baaij, J., Hoenderop, J., & Bindels, R. (2015). Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease. Physiological Reviews95(1), 1-46. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2014

[16] Rosanoff, A., Weaver, C., & Rude, R. (2012). Suboptimal magnesium status in the United States: are the health consequences underestimated?. Nutrition Reviews70(3), 153-164. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00465.x

[17] Gröber, U., Schmidt, J., & Kisters, K. (2015). Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients7(9), 8199-8226. doi: 10.3390/nu7095388

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